Discussions via conference calls enable collective decisions to be made in real time regardless of the country that each individual decision maker is in.
You need to encourage proper use of this 'tool' so that it improves productivity and does not become just another type of unstructured and unproductive meeting. In this eBook you will learn: why conference calls present problems that normal telephone calls do not, what advance planning you can undertake to get the most out of each call, why published guidelines can dramatically improve everyone's experience of conference calls, why each call needs a simple agenda and what information it should contain, and the advantages of having a named facilitator with clearly defined responsibilities.
I have recommended it before and will continue to refer people to this book in the future. See the full list of Communication Skills eBooks, templates and checklists available for free download right now. Ollie Lorrimer Danforth Ltd. Gerard Cohen Activa Group. What are conference calls? When are conference calls used? What are the technical issues affecting conference calls?
A potential feeling of exposure, however, is worth the discomfort if your words and attitude extinguish arguments rather than fan the flames. When people speak from the I-position they stay more connected than if they revert to name calling — even in emotionally charged encounters. When you blame people you leave yourself open to disagreement and argument.
Using I-statements I-statements which I define in the preceding section form the foundation for co-operative communication by connecting people, building trust and creating healthy, open and honest relationships.
I-statements build a bridge for communicating when relationships have been soured by squabbles, damaged by distrust or harmed by hurt feelings. By speaking in that way you live in the moment with your feelings and express them without recrimination. Camouflaging your emotions creates a false representation of the real you. Mike frequently arrives late when he collects Ian, which causes Ian to be late for work and fall behind on his assignments.
The next time Mike is late, Ian tells him that he feels anxious when Mike collects him after the agreed time because it causes him to be late for his job. You then say how you feel about the behaviour and what behaviour you need instead; just ensure that the focus is on how you feel about the situation, instead of how awful the other person is for causing it. The benefit of I-statements is that the other person can help solve the problem without having to admit culpability.
Chapter 6: Choosing the Right Attitude 97 Speaking from your own point of view The American clinical psychologist Dr Thomas Gordon helped develop methods for communicating productively and resolving conflicts.
Gordon believed that coercive power, in which people threaten or intimidate others to behave against their beliefs and principles, is an inappropriate approach that damages relationships. He advocated active listening which I cover in Chapter 4 and I-messages.
Appreciating the Power of Your Actions You, and only you, are responsible for your actions and your attitude. Whatever attitude you bring to the table influences the way you behave and how others respond to you. In contrast, when you remove the accusations and speak in a way that resonates with your listener, you build a bridge to constructive communication.
In Chapter 2, I address how to remove potential barriers to communication, including casting aside blame. Sure, the way some people behave can interfere with getting your needs met. A colleague who fails to turn in a report on time, a boss who fails to clarify expectations or a partner who runs up credit-card debt without having the funds to pay the bill can run roughshod over your needs and plans.
Rolf wanted their children to be raised speaking German, even though they live in England. Cathy signed up for German lessons immediately and practised diligently. But when she tried speaking her schoolgirl German to Rolf, he laughed and teased her about her accent and poor grammar. He reverted to speaking to her in English, saying that it was easier. In spite of his criticism, Cathy continued with her lessons and found a German-speaking group in the village to practise with.
She sang her children to sleep with German lullabies and read them simple stories in German. In time, Rolf recognised that Cathy was committed to seeing that their children spoke German, according to his wishes, and began speaking to the children in German as well. Although Cathy often wanted to give up and accuse her husband of not supporting her, she stuck to her promise, maintained a positive and determined attitude and raised two bilingual children.
Regardless of the circumstances, accusatory language forces people into armed camps, frequently causing emotional damage to those at the receiving end. Accusatory language is one-dimensional, leads to a lack of interest in how the other person thinks and feels, and prevents you from seeing the bigger picture. Rivals often describe one another in disapproving terms, leaving out or de-emphasising positive attributes.
Sending a message that resonates Sometimes you want to make your listeners snap, crackle and pop with excitement, enthusiasm and enchantment when you speak to them. To send a message that resonates with your listeners, you need to know what motivates, inspires and persuades them to engage and listen.
To move an audience you have to get in tune with them, to understand their hearts and minds so that you can create a message that links up with their needs and desires. Anyone, anywhere, who seeks to live an honourable, courageous and committed life can apply them.
Here are the values to sign up to that are relevant to commitment. Kennedy were masters at sending messages that resonated with their listeners. Listen to recordings of their great speeches to discover how they tied their personal truths to those of the people they wanted to inspire.
They conveyed a clear, compelling message that held a personal meaning for everyone who wanted to turn their vision into reality. Great communicators enthuse and enthral their audiences through their cascading energy. Connecting with Commitment Great communicators know that commitment is key to connecting. Focusing on the other person, respecting individuals and listening with the intention of understanding are all paramount to creating constructive relationships.
Wanting to engage with other people Research shows that from infancy most people want to engage with other people. Sometimes engaging with people similar to you can seem easier than engaging with people who come from different backgrounds, have different experiences or whose values are poles apart from yours. But when you expand your horizons, alter your attitudes and embrace diversity in your relationships, you find that your life is more fulfilling, your opportunities more enriching and your thinking more innovative.
Forming connections with people enhances your perspectives, increases your skills and develops your knowledge. When you connect, any previous negative attitudes you held about them often are transformed and the differences may become the strengths in your relationship. Engaging with employees Businesses need to engage with their employees. Research shows that organisations with engaged employees experience increased performance and profitability, which is good news for everyone.
To achieve this businesses need to: provide a clear sense of purpose via a strategic vision; engage managers who provide clarity and treat people with respect; encourage employees to voice their opinions; and create a close link between organisational value and behaviours.
Ambassador to India, Timothy J. The youth are the leaders of tomorrow who will shape the destiny of the State. I want to talk to them about their hopes and their aspirations for themselves and their community.
I do this everywhere I travel — it is part of my job to talk and listen to people from all walks of life in all regions of the country. Engaging with others and providing a clear sense of purpose leads to positive outcomes.
The ubiquitous networking events fill them with dread. If this sounds like you, the best solution is to change your attitude. Ask them questions about themselves, their work and their interests. Be open and ready to connect. If you show that you care about someone, that person will care about you.
Make everyone feel welcome. Good things come to those who initiate. Great communicators know that exchanging information, making new introductions, sharing contacts, giving referrals and promoting goodwill demonstrate sincerity and lead to new relationships, new opportunities and greater accomplishments. Aim for the long-term relationship.
Give plausible reasons for leaving the conversation. Keep your word and foster relationships. When you reveal your passion, believe in what you say and choose words that embrace your message and enhance your meaning, your audience will trust and believe you. But even with passion, for people to believe in you and in what you say, you need to speak clearly. Use your voice like a vocal highlighter, emphasising the Part III: Putting Your Mind and Body into Your Message key words and phrases and injecting variety into the pace and volume.
In Chapter 7 you can find many vocal tips and techniques for speaking with clarity, composure and conviction. Indecisive language is a barrier to clear, confident and committed communication.
Choose action verbs, paint pictures with your words and explain complex issues in simple analogies. Decisive language conveys authority, credibility and conviction. Chapter 6: Choosing the Right Attitude When you speak, speak with your body as well as your words. Chapter 8 contains lots more information on conveying meaning through your movements. Avoid the annoying habit of turning statements into questions.
The American poet and teacher, Taylor Mali, addresses the importance of speaking clearly and with conviction at www. His message is short, powerful and puts a smile on my face every time I watch and listen. The purpose of a compelling story is to connect and resonate with your listeners, to tap into their hearts and stir their emotions.
Stories make your message come alive when you tell them with personality, panache and passion. For someone using a commanding story as part of a presentation, look no further than Steve Jobs launching the iPhone in check out this classic at www.
He understood that he could tell a story better through showing pictures than by listing words, and he rehearsed like a Broadway star. No secret tricks, magic or mystery: he was simply committed to telling a gripping story that tapped into the minds and hearts of his audience. When you create a headline that sets the direction for your meeting, you give your audience a reason to listen. Make it easy for your listeners to listen.
Show excitement to share your passion. Sell an experience. Place them in context. For example, when Jobs spoke about his Chapter 6: Choosing the Right Attitude Macbook Air he said that 4 million had been sold in its first year.
Then he broke that figure down into an average of nearly 11, per day. Use as little text as possible. Have fun with flair. Vary your voice and move with purpose. You can find out more about how to manage your voice in Chapter 7 and your body in Chapter 8. To make story-telling look effortless you have to rehearse: the only secret is to practise, practise, practise. Other great examples of superb story-tellers include Steven Spielberg and Nancy Duarte.
I highly recommend that you watch their speeches on YouTube to build your speaking skills. Therefore you need to have a point of view and be willing to share your thoughts, feelings and emotions with other people to get that view across. Also, ensure that what you say is noteworthy. You know how frustrating it can be, so ditch the daftness and remember that clarity is power when speaking. Also, physically speak up. People want to hear what you have to say but if you mumble, stumble and fail to engage with your message, listeners soon lose interest.
Speaking with clarity requires that you engage others at the intellectual and emotional levels. I offer you simple tips for emphasising your points, selecting your statements and engaging with your audience so that they hang on your every word. Illuminating Your Intention Having a clear intention, purpose or goal in your mind of what you want to achieve is essential to great communication.
But if you fail to communicate that intention in a way that your listener can understand, your efforts are wasted. Having a clear intention and communicating it in a way your listener can understand separates a good speaker from a great one.
When you connect with and commit to your listeners and add tangible value to their lives, you become a remarkable and memorable communicator. As a communicator, your intention is to make the listener understand you. Whatever your intention, make sure that it resonates with you. Clients frequently ask me how they can align their intention with their voice and content. I encourage them to develop an awareness of intention in themselves and others because awareness is key to clear communication.
Turn to Chapter 6 for insights on the power of your attitude. What might their attitudes and beliefs be? The more you know about your listeners, the better able you are to align your intention with their concerns. Your intention may be to persuade your listeners to do something or simply to entertain them. You may want to air a grievance or ask a favour. Whatever your reason, write it down and keep that thought in the forefront of your mind as you speak.
When you speak with clarity and confidence, and believe in what you have to say, your audience understands your intention. To hear someone speak with a clear intention, tune into Dalton Sherman on YouTube www. Dalton is a passionate, self-confident yearold boy whose intention is that individuals work together to make a difference in education.
Be prepared to be inspired. Frequently people pepper their sentences with jokes, sarcasm, irony and euphemisms to avoid saying what they really mean. At those times, the content and the intention are at odds. For example, you may have to deliver a harsh message to someone you care about, so rather than coming down forcefully, you may couch your intention in a joke or a euphemism. In such cases, successful communication requires that the listener grasps the hidden intention behind the spoken words.
The statement is designed to play down the wrong, or perhaps through the use of irony to highlight the inappropriate, behaviour. When determining your intention, keep it clear and simple. Supporting Your Breathing People judge you not only by your appearance and the words you say, but also on how you sound. Do you speak with authority or is your voice nervy and breathy? Proper breathing is the foundation for clear speaking. No matter what the situation — speaking to an audience of thousands or asking your boss for a pay rise — correct breathing relieves nervous energy, helps develop a strong voice and increases personal intensity.
Without proper breathing your psychological wellbeing suffers and you can end up with depression, mental dullness or anxiety. Conversely, proper breathing can lead to feelings of pleasure, contentment and mental alertness.
Perhaps the time has come to give some thought to how you breathe. Your breathing impacts on your voice and your voice is a barometer for your mind. Putting your posture into the picture Your posture communicates your attitude, thoughts and feelings, and impacts on how clearly you speak.
Deep, controlled breathing is a prerequisite for producing a solid sound. The only way you can breathe deeply and in a controlled manner is to position your body in an upright and relaxed posture while filling your lungs with rich, nourishing air.
Proper posture see Figure , in which every part of your body is aligned with every other part, ensures a deep, rich and resonant voice. To check that your body is properly aligned, imagine that when standing you can draw a straight line through your ear, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle.
If you force your shoulders back, you tighten up your neck, torso and rib cage, preventing you from breathing deeply and easily. Hunched shoulders restrict the expansion of your rib cage, the rise of your diaphragm and the volume of air that can fill your lungs.
Posture and confidence Researchers have found that posture affects confidence. Chapter 7: Speaking with Clarity Practise the following exercise to fill you with focused energy so that you can communicate with clarity, confidence and commitment: 1.
Stand with your feet placed directly under your knees, hips and shoulders. Imagine that your head is floating on a still lake, with your chin parallel to the ground.
Feel your shoulder blades melting down your spinal cord, as your chest softly opens like a well-loved book. Visualise two streams of energy flowing downwards through the centre of your legs, through the ground beneath you. The energy is like the deep tap root of an oak tree, keeping you upright and strong. Imagine that you have shallow roots coming from the bottom of your feet. Picture your upper body being like a helium balloon, wide, expansive and softly lifting upwards, while your shoulders remain calm and still.
The energy rises through the top of your head, and expands outwards from under your arms and through your back, sides and chest. Hold this position for a count of 20, enjoying the sense of peace and power that comes from proper posture.
When speaking about passion, Isabel Allende describes Sophia Loren — the sexy, slim and tall actress — as a woman who walks elegantly, like a giraffe on the African savannah. To improve your posture try out some lessons in the Alexander Technique www. Both forms of exercise build abdominal strength, are kind to your joints and lead to proper postural alignment, giving you strength and power.
But when you consciously concentrate on your breathing, you can influence and control the flow of air as you inhale for inspiration and exhale for expression.
Breathing from your chest results in short, shallow and ineffectual breaths, filling only the upper lungs as you hold in your stomach and relying on the muscles in your upper chest, neck and shoulders to draw in air. In addition, abdominal breathing is a very effective strategy for reducing stress.
To fill your entire body with life-enhancing oxygen, follow these steps for abdominal breathing: 1. Place one hand on your abdomen 5 centimetres 2 inches below your belly button. Place your other hand on your upper chest. Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose into the bottom of your lungs.
Note how your abdomen expands, pushing your hand outwards, while the hand on your chest remains still. As long as the hand on your abdomen pushes outwards you can be sure that your diaphragm see Figure is pulling air into the base of your lungs. As you exhale, release any tension in your body, imagining that your entire Chapter 7: Speaking with Clarity body is loose and limp.
As all the air releases, gently contract your abdominal muscles to completely expel any remaining air from your lungs. As you repeat this exercise for a total of five deep breaths, notice that your exhale takes about twice as long as your inhale. When you breathe deeply from your abdomen, you can relieve nervous energy, develop a strong voice and strengthen personal intensity. Figure The diaphragm is the foundation for breath support.
If your Part III: Putting Your Mind and Body into Your Message voice projects cordiality, authority and encouragement, however, you stand a good chance of engaging with your listeners, gaining their respect and establishing rapport with them flip to Chapter 5 for more on building rapport. When you want to persuade and influence others, or get them to listen to you with a positive attitude, a quality of friendliness in your tone works wonders.
Scolding, snarling or speaking in an unpleasant tone repel your listeners and influence how they view you which is often badly! If you tend to speak in harsh and unfriendly tones you may have to review how you view yourself and other people, as well as situations and circumstances in general.
In this section I provide you with the ways and means to develop a physical voice that represents you at your authentic best, that compels people to listen to you and that communicates your message with clarity, confidence and commitment. Articulating to be understood In your haste or hesitancy to communicate you may stumble over your opening words, mumble as you speak or let your voice trail off at the end of your sentences. This is no way to speak with clarity.
Although words are made up of vowels and consonants, the consonants have the power and are key for clear communication. To increase your expressiveness, clarity and impact, concentrate on accentuating your consonants. In particular, focus on the consonants at the beginnings and ends of your words where they exist.
But remember that although clear articulation is vital for making yourself understood, over-articulation takes the feelings out of your words. You want to sound clear, not stilted. When you want to make a word or an idea stand out, lengthen the consonant at the beginning of the word or syllable you want to emphasise. Studies show that precise articulation is essential for increasing employee productivity, customer confidence and effective presentations.
The primary cause of negative voice quality is tension, emotional as well as physical. Lie on your back with your knees bent at a degree angle, your feet together, flat on the floor, and your eyes closed. Notice how your body feels as you breathe in.
Breathe deeply to increase your lung capacity. The goal is to relax areas of your body that affect your voice, including your jaw, neck, shoulders, chest, upper and lower back and diaphragm. Unlocking your jaw When you lock or tighten your jaw the sound you produce is restricted. A relaxed jaw enhances your speech and enables you to articulate your words and release your voice. To release your jaw, open your mouth as wide as possible — as if you were about to yawn — and move your jaw sideways, up and down and in circles.
Repeat five times. Five forms of emphasis that make this speech so powerful are: Anaphora, a rhetorical device in which Dr King repeats words at the beginning of neighbouring clauses.
By repeating the words twice he sets a pattern, which further repetitions emphasise, and so increases the rhetorical effect. Repetition of key theme. Fitting quotations or references. Examples to illustrate his arguments. He gives his speech meaningful geographical reference points by referring to specific states and areas within the US. Metaphors to highlight contrasting concepts.
By using metaphors he associates the concepts in his speech to concrete images and emotions. Loosening your lips Although a stiff upper lip helps you hold back emotion, it hinders clear articulation. Allow the spittle to fly! Repeat, increasing the speed. Start off slowly and build up gradually until you can say them at normal conversational speed.
Lick your lips in a circular fashion over the upper lip and down over the lower lip. Then waggle your tongue from side to side. Repeat, increasing the speed of the motion. Emphasising your points Emphasis is the force or stress you place on selected words or phrases to highlight ideas, concepts and feelings.
Although words convey meanings, the particular meanings come from the way you emphasise or express them. You can change the meaning of a simple sentence just by emphasising different words. Pitching To add colour and excitement to your speech, add inflection by altering the pitch of your voice. If you want to sound like an authority, let your voice resonate from your chest, bouncing off your sternum.
And when you want to convey the wisdom of the ages, drop your voice to deep within your body. If your volume is too loud you may come across as sounding aggressive, defiant and angry. Conversely, if your voice is too soft, you can sound bored, tired or shy.
Pacing To keep your listeners engaged, vary your pace. Whatever you do, avoid the monotone. Like the sound of a cruising aeroplane engine, a monotone is a sure way to put your listener to sleep. Speaking too quickly makes you sound nervous but speaking too slowly makes you sound dim. That moment of silence between words and phrases lets your listener know that something important is about to happen. Great speakers know that their message needs to resound and ring true in order to connect with their listeners, command their attention and compel them to listen.
Adding gusto and passion If you want to excite, enthuse and engage your listeners, inject some fervour into your language. People were jobless, homeless and struggling to survive. For further examples of talks that carry gusto and passion review the speeches of Barack Obama, Mother Teresa, John F. Humans need to process information in patterns and because three is the smallest number of components required to form a model, a pattern based on this number can help you create a message that is bold, brief and easy to remember see, three things.
Cutting through the clutter If you want people to listen to what you have to say, get to the heart of the matter: drop the blah, blah, blah; let go of the mumbo-jumbo; ditch the jibber-jabber. Bridges form useful transitions that relate one fact to another, creating a smooth flow of thoughts instead of bombarding your listeners with a load of unrelated information they struggle to make sense of.
Bridging techniques can be divided into two categories: four techniques that pull your listener along and three that push. Steve Jobs was a master at showing his audience the latest iPhones and iPads, keeping his listeners engaged and excited.
This technique moves your listeners to the next point. Between 50 and 80 per cent of all human communication is non-verbal, because your gestures, movements and expressions, combined with your vocal quality, reveal your attitudes, emotions and those sentiments you may want to leave unspoken.
Read more about using the voice in Chapter 7. The more mindful you are about how you manage your body language to convey your messages, the better you can communicate with clarity and precision. Equally, the more adept you are at interpreting the movements of other people, the more insight you have into their unspoken attitudes and feelings. In this chapter I give you insight into using your stance, gestures and facial expressions to support your spoken message or to convey your meaning when words escape you.
Many gestures are widely understood, although they may carry different meanings in different cultures. Check out Chapter 11 for how to avoid non-verbal pitfalls in foreign lands. When you smile at people, lean forward towards them and look them in the eye, your non-verbal behaviour is helping you to establish and maintain relationships. To persuade individuals to your way of thinking, use non-verbal messages such as an upright posture and a steady gaze to demonstrate your self-confidence and conviction.
Discovering the five silent emotional displays Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements, facial expressions and gestures. The term refers to the way different human gestures reflect feelings and attitudes and was developed in the s by anthropologist Dr Ray L. Although an obvious form of non-verbal behaviour, kinesics can be confusing because various meanings are communicated through the same movements across different races and cultures.
Read more about communication differences across cultures in Chapter Adaptors also relieve tension. These actions suggest whether someone is open and receptive, tense and closed, annoyed, upset, distracted or any number of different emotions.
Many affect displays are commonly interpreted, such as individuals sitting in a slumped position with frowns on their faces appearing dejected or uninterested and people staring at each other with tight lips, clenched hands and deep frowns as feeling hostile towards one another. In contrast, those sitting upright, smiling and with wide open eyes and raised eyebrows can be seen as engaged and cheerful. Sometimes the affect displays you observe may not be related to the interaction you and another person are having.
When you want to finish a formal meeting you may stand up, push away from your desk, look at your watch or put your pen in your pocket. Often, when people are uninterested they look at the floor, ceiling or any place other than at the speaker. For example, when you want to speak you may lean forward and open your mouth.
To interpret correctly the feelings and attitudes that people are conveying, pay attention to all the gestures and movements on display. For example, most people behave quite differently at a formal dinner with people of high authority than at a barbecue with a group of young children. At this point you want to defuse any anger, avoid contradicting, steer away from arguments and guide the other person into the reflective mode.
To signify an open attitude in a business environment, unbutton your suit jacket in front of the prospect.
Research dating from the s to the modern day consistently shows that certain facial expressions of emotions are unequivocally universal. From childhood onwards you find out how to conceal certain emotions and emphasise others through specific facial management techniques. In addition, you discover rules about the appropriateness of displaying emotions. Violate this rule at your peril, because to do so makes you appear insensitive.
For example, if you win an award you probably intensify your positive expression by smiling more broadly than usual and raising your eyebrows. Instead of showing how you really feel about the assignment, you mask your feelings by adopting a happy face.
Becoming adept at managing your facial expressions helps you to interact with your boss, colleagues and clients with enthusiasm, confidence and in an appropriate manner. According to extensive research, if you tune your antennae you can interpret accurately six basic human emotions through facial and eye expressions, no matter where you are in the world. If the teeth are exposed, the mouth takes on a rectangular shape.
The jaw is tightly clenched and the lower jaw may jut forward. The eyebrows lower as the upper lip raises. The signs may appear only on one side of the face. You may notice sweat on the face as well. The eyebrows draw together and the lips open. In addition, the eyelids tighten, the cheeks pull up and the outside corners of the eyebrows pull down in a genuine smile. Within the mammal population, only humans bare their teeth when smiling, because in the animal kingdom bared teeth is an aggressive facial sign.
The eyebrows are arched outwards, the head bows or tilts forward, and the mouth turns down at the sides, sometimes slightly open and trembling. The upper eyelids stretch open and the lower lids come down. The jaw drops, the lips and teeth part and the effect is of a slack jaw. If the head is pulled back, it indicates fear. Facial movements on their own communicate basic human emotions.
When combined with other forms of body language, such as posture, unconscious physical movements and delib erate gestures, you can decipher the intensity of the emotion. For example, in many Asian cultures, avoiding eye contact with someone of the opposite sex or in a superior position is a sign of respect, but in the US and most of Europe eye contact is a necessary component for establishing yourself as a confident and engaged individual.
In addition, maintaining eye contact demonstrates power at home as well as at work. When you communicate with people in Eastern Europe, including former Soviet countries, eye contact is the norm.
If you have to communicate through an interpreter, maintain eye contact with the top person as a sign of respect. In Muslim countries, men and women avoid eye contact, although prolonged eye contact between men demonstrates respect and loyalty. See Chapter 11 for more about cultural differences. Amala is a corporate lawyer in a London law firm. Breaking the rules of her culture was a challenge that required a lot of practice and a clear view of what she wanted to accomplish.
Eye contact regulates conversation and gives clues of dominance. When you look people in the eye you can pick up signs about their attitudes and thoughts. Avoid staring or having a fixed gaze unless you want to make someone feel uncomfortable. Blinking rapidly and frequently reflects nervousness or discomfort.
Repeatedly looking away or refusing to make eye contact can be interpreted as weakness, lack of interest or disrespect. Moving your mouth In addition to communicating through the spoken word, your mouth can convey subtle messages, revealing your thoughts and feelings without you uttering a syllable. Chapter 8: Conveying Messages through Movements Table contains a substantial list of mouth movements and the messages they convey.
To lean forward or pull away; to touch or not to touch? These are the questions. Like the words you speak and the gestures you make, how you use the space around you communicates your thoughts and attitudes. Related Posts. For Dummies. Next Post Oxford Grammar for Schools. You might also like More from author. English books. Prev Next. Leave a comment. Sign in. Welcome, Login to your account.
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